The Localization Process of Islam in the Mediterranean Region: An Archaeological Perspective from Algeria

Abstract

Since the emergence of Islam in the early 7th century, it has rapidly spread to Algeria in North Africa and undergone a process of localization to adapt to local factors. This paper examines the distinct phases of Islam's localization in Algeria, from its early rise, through decline during French colonialism, to its revival post-independence. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing archaeology, anthropology, and history, the study explores how Islam in Algeria has continuously localized its faith, leading to a clear separation between religion and state politics. This localization is the result of long-term interactions with Algeria's diverse, multiethnic, and multireligious social culture, fostering a pluralistic, inclusive, and moderate form of Islam. The research integrates archaeological excavation reports, ancient textual analyses, and environmental archaeology methods, highlighting the significance of natural sciences in archaeology for understanding the cultural evolution of religions in the Mediterranean region.