Marx's Critique and Transcendence of Classical German Anthropology : A social reading of the developmental turn of the "real individual"

Abstract

Marx's critique and transcendence of classical German anthropology mainly focuses on reinterpreting the concept of the "real individual". The study points out that the discussion of "human being" in classical German philosophy is too abstract, ignoring the concrete social and historical background. Marx proposed that the nature of human being should be understood in the context of social and historical conditions, emphasizing the social and historical nature of human beings, especially in the capitalist society, where the alienation of labor is regarded as the key issue. His theory not only realized a revolutionary transformation in the way of thinking, but also subverted the philosophical outlook and themes, shifting the philosophical focus from abstract theory to the study of the real world. Particular attention was paid to the survival, development and emancipation of the proletariat and human beings. The far-reaching influence of Marxist philosophy is not only reflected in its ability to explain the world, but also in its function of changing the world, establishing its status as the "philosophy of changing the world". This analysis has profound significance for understanding Marx's anthropological theory and its importance for contemporary society and philosophical research. Marx's anthropological theory breaks through the traditional philosophical understanding of the nature of man in a single dimension and introduces the dimension of social relations and productive activities. He argued that the social nature of human beings is realized not only through labor, but also embodied through interpersonal relations and social interactions. This view provides a new perspective for understanding the position and role of human beings in complex social structures, and is an important inspiration for the study of modern social sciences, especially social philosophy. Overall, Marx's theory of anthropology, by critically transcending classical German anthropology, provides us with a brand new theoretical framework and profound insights for understanding the social and historical nature of human beings as well as their role in modern society.