Archaeological Insights into Cultural Confluences: A Comparative Study of Chinese and Korean Classical Garden Spaces

Abstract

This paper delves into the archaeological and cultural dimensions of Chinese and Korean classical garden spaces, highlighting both their convergences and divergences. Chinese classical gardens epitomize an idealized natural landscape, deeply infused with Feng Shui principles, reflecting a profound engagement with ancient geomantic practices. In contrast, Korean classical gardens underscore the ethos of "nature and ecology," prioritizing functionality and practicality while adeptly leveraging the local topography for landscape formation. Despite these distinct approaches, both traditions share a common pursuit of harmony with nature, as evidenced by analogous architectural elements within their gardens. However, a nuanced examination reveals distinct humanistic ideologies in royal gardens: Chinese gardens embody Confucian ideals of moderation and ritual propriety, whereas Korean gardens, influenced by a syncretism of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, emphasize the seamless integration of nature and humanity. Through an archaeological lens, this comparative analysis elucidates the rich cultural significances and heritage linkages embedded in the garden designs of both nations, offering fresh perspectives on their historical and cultural evolution.