A Brief Discussion on the Culture of Auspicious Symbols in Ancient China

Abstract

Auspicious symbols, also known as "auspicious omens," "divine responses," "good omens," "auspicious signs," or "favorable omens," are ancient signs and portents indicating that an emperor is fulfilling the heavenly mandate and governing with virtue. Auspicious symbol culture is a political and cultural system that blends concepts of the Mandate of Heaven from pre-Qin times, beliefs in omens, thoughts on virtuous governance, and imperial statecraft. It employs "divine teachings" to consolidate rule and embellish peace. This culture emerged during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the formation of new concepts of heavenly principles during this period was a key factor in its development. Totem worship, belief in omens, and the culture of historical officers were important contributing factors to its formation. After its emergence, auspicious symbol culture went through several major stages: the early development in the pre-Qin period, prosperity during the Qin and Han dynasties, transformation during the Wei and Jin periods, integration during the Six Dynasties, revival during the Tang and Song dynasties, and decline during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. It had a profound influence on many aspects of ancient Chinese politics, religion, rites, literature, and more.