ROMANS’ ESTABLISHED SKILLS: MORTARS FROM D46b MAUSOLEUM, PORTA MEDIANA NECROPOLIS, CUMA (NAPLES)

Abstract

Roman mortars from a mausoleum (named D46b) belonging to the archaeological site of Porta Mediana

necropolis, in Cuma (Naples, Southern Italy) have been studied by means of petrographic, mineralogical and

micro-chemical analyses. The aim of this research is to fill the knowledge gap regarding mortar-based

materials used in Roman age within this wide archaeological site.

Two typologies of mortars (bedding and coating) were collected from mausoleum’s masonry. They were

lime-based with addition of pozzolanic materials, according to Vitruvius’ recipe.

Raw materials, such as volcanic sand and limestones, mainly from local sources, were preferentially used as

aggregate, both for great availability and good properties.

As regard production techniques, the multi-layer feature of the coating mortars, once again shows the great

knowledge of the building art. Each layer is the result of a precise choice, as shown by the differences both in

texture and petrographic features.

Data from detailed mortars characterization have infer the outstanding skill of Roman craftsmen, as already

proved by extraordinary durability of buildings.

The research was very useful not only to increase the knowledge of this ancient culture but also to planning

conservative actions, that, through mortar reproduction or the research of suitable materials, can promote

the safeguard of this invaluable heritage.